“稻鱼菜油”周年绿色轻简高效模式攻关技术

产业兴旺是乡村振兴的根本,绿色高效是农业产业发展的必由之路。2018年云南省保山市隆阳区实施“稻鱼菜油”周年绿色轻简高效模式攻关技术(优质稻谷+鲜鱼+油菜苔+油菜籽),实现周年产值超75000元/hm2,为隆阳区农业产业高效发展开辟了新途径。借助稻鱼、油菜花推动了乡村旅游,使保山坝成为鱼米之乡、花果飘香、花团锦簇、最宜旅居、富饶美丽的新保山。     

适合稻鱼系统的水稻品种筛选研究

以中浙优8号、野香优3号、桂育9号、桂禾丰、Y两优1号、昌两优8号等品种为试验材料,采用宽窄行和等行距两种栽植方式,以控释肥作基肥一次性施肥,对适合稻鱼系统的水稻品种进行筛选。结果表明,Y两优1号和中浙优8号的产量高,可分别作为双季稻稻鱼系统早季中偏晚和晚熟品种种植,桂育9号生育期、株高、产量、叶面积指数各方面表现适中,可作为稻鱼系统中熟品种种植。栽植方式对各水稻品种的分蘖、株高、产量影响差异不显著;宽窄行栽植能提供更大的活动空间,适合稻鱼系统栽培模式。     

Behaviour of plant material issued from in vitro tuberization

Summary In vitro bacterization of potato microplants with a pseudomonad bacterium,Pseudomonas spp. strain PsJN, induces developmental modifications which make them more hardy and more vigorous upon transplanting. The paper reviews previous experiments and presents recent data on the post-inoculation microplant generation response of genetically engineered and nonengineered clones, microplant response to CO₂ supplement, as well as the results of field experiments conducted between 1987 and 1993. Production of minitubers under greenhouse conditions and tuberization under heat stress in growth chamber are also presented. The use of the in vitro culture system for the development of microbial associations benefitting crop rotations is postulated.     

Zn对AM真菌侵染紫云英转化根的影响

分别建立丛枝菌根(AM)真菌Gigaspora margarita、Gigaspora rosea和Glomus intraradices与紫云英转化根双重共培养体系,并利用该体系研究不同Zn浓度对单接种与混合接种AM真菌侵染紫云英转化根的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L Zn提高了大部分处理的根段侵染率、菌丝密度以及P的吸收,0.5mmol/L Zn抑制了AM真菌菌丝的生长,但能增加部分处理转化根对P的吸收。0.1 mmol/L Zn浓度下,单接种Glomus intraradices、混合接种Gigaspora margarita与Glomus intraradices的根段侵染率最高,并且在混合侵染根段中Glomus intraradices根段侵染率比Gigaspora margarita高12%。     

不同稻蟹共作模式下的氮磷平衡及生态经济效益研究

为制定安全优质高效的稻渔共作生产技术规范、探求可持续发展的水产养殖技术,设立3种种养模式的对比试验,试验组为稻蟹共作(rice-crab co-culture, RC)和稻虾蟹共作(rice-crayfish-crab co-culture, RCC)模式,对照组为精养蟹(intensive crab, IC)模式。通过对比精养蟹、稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作模式下的氮磷平衡、氮磷利用、浮游生物生物量与多样性及生态经济效益来探寻最佳的稻田养蟹模式。结果显示,3种种养模式底质氮磷含量均有增加,精养模式最为显著(P<0.05);精养、稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作模式中氮平衡均表现为盈余,其盈余量逐减,分别为1 030.92、364.37、188.75 kg/hm²,氮利用率逐增,分别为16.47%、48.98%、65.71%;磷平衡也均表现为盈余,精养、稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作的磷盈余量分别为171.35、81.67、76.96 kg/hm²,磷利用率逐增,分别为7.61%、18.22%、24.29%;与精养、稻蟹共作模式相比,稻虾蟹共作模式中浮游动植物种类的...     

稻田综合种养对水稻、养殖动物和环境的影响研究进展

近年来,稻田综合种养模式以其稳产提质、改善环境、绿色增效等特点受到全社会的关注。本文基于不同稻田综合种养模式对水稻、养殖动物和环境的影响,对常见的稻田综合种养模式进行了汇总,以期为中国稻田综合种养的健康发展提供参考。     

Effect of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bovine Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells Co-culture under the Serum-free Condition on Expression of IGF-Ⅰ

The study was aimed to explore the effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs) and bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) under the serum-free co-culturing condition on expression of IGF-Ⅰ. UC-MSCs and BMECs were co-cultured directly at the concentration ratios of 1:2,in control groups, UC-MSCs and BMECs were cultured alone.Using ELISA method to detect the IGF-Ⅰlevels in each group supernatant at 48 h, and two kinds of cells were separated by Transwell Chambers, the IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-ⅠR mRNA expression values of each group were estimated with Real-time PCR. The results showed that the IGF-Ⅰ concentration of UC-MSCs and BMECs mixed co-culture was significantly higher than the UC-MSCs group (P < 0.05),and extremely significantly higher than the BMECs group (P < 0.01); The IGF-Ⅰ mRNA expression of UC-MSCs/BMECs and BMECs/UC-MSCs groups were extremely significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01),and the IGF-Ⅰ mRNA expression of BMECs/UC-MSCs group was significantly higher than the UC-MSCs/BMECs group (P < 0.05); The IGF-ⅠR mRNA expression of UC-MSCs/BMECs and BMECs/UC-MSCs groups were higher than the control group (P < 0.05;P < 0.01), BMECs/UC-MSCs group had significant difference compared with UC-MSCs/BMECs group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, the co-culture of UC-MSCs and BMECs was able to improve the IGF-ⅠR and IGF-Ⅰ mRNA expression under the serum-free condition in vitro,and the IGF-Ⅰ concentration level was correspondence with the IGF-ⅠR mRNA expression, IGF-Ⅰmainly existed in UC-MSCs.     

稻虾共作对秸秆还田后稻田温室气体排放的影响

稻虾共作模式是稻田种养复合模式的重要组成部分,其主要特点是稻草全量还田、非稻季持续淹水和周年养殖克氏原螯虾。目前对稻虾共作模式稻田温室气体排放的影响尚不清楚。本研究以江汉平原冬泡无稻草还田为对照,设置冬泡+稻草还田和冬泡+稻草还田+养虾处理,探讨稻草还田及稻虾共作对稻田系统CH_4、N_2O和CO_2排放的影响,为准确评估稻田温室气体排放提供数据支撑和理论支持。结果表明,在大田监测期间,冬泡+稻草还田处理CH_4累积排放量比冬泡无稻草还田处理显著增加(P0.05),2015年和2016年增幅分别为27.23%和60.08%;冬泡+稻草还田+养虾处理CH_4累积排放量比冬泡+稻草还田显著降低(P0.05),2015年和2016年降幅分别为29.02%和41.19%。冬泡+稻草还田处理CO_2累积排放比冬泡无稻草还田处理显著提高;与冬泡无稻草还田处理相比较,冬泡+稻草还田处理和冬泡+稻草还田+养虾处理对N_2O累积排放无显著影响。从温室效应角度看,冬泡+稻草还田处理温室效应比冬泡无稻草还田处理大幅度增加,而冬泡+稻草还田基础上进行养虾则可大幅度降低CH_4排放,从而降低因秸秆还田带来的温室效应增强。所有处理水稻产量无显著差异,与冬泡+稻草还田处理相比,冬泡+稻草还田+养虾可显著降低温室气体排放强度。和冬泡无稻草还田处理相比,冬泡+稻草还田和冬泡+稻草还田+养虾对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、乙酸和NH_4~+-N并无显著影响。冬泡+稻草还田+养虾可极显著提高单位面积收益。     

稻鱼共作对水稻叶绿素荧光特征及产量的影响

为探究稻鱼共作系统对水稻叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、荧光参数及产量的影响,设置9000（M1）、15 000（M2）和21 000尾/hm²（M3）稻田鱼放养密度,以水稻单作为对照（CK）,测定水稻不同生育期叶片SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数和水稻产量及其构成要素。结果表明,与CK相比,在水稻分蘖期和成熟期,各处理叶片光合系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量（F_v/F_m）和潜在光化学活性（F_v/F_o）均显著提高,且成熟期M1和M2处理的剑叶非光化学猝灭系数q_N和NPQ均显著降低;抽穗期各处理SPAD值均比CK显著提高。与CK相比,各处理结实率均显著提高,实际产量均增加,田鱼产量表现为M2>M3>M1,但无显著差异。相关性分析表明,水稻叶片SPAD值、F_v/F_o、F_v/F_m与有效穗数、结实率和产量呈显著正相关,q_N和NPQ与穗粒数呈显著负相关。综上,稻鱼共作系统提高了光能转化效率,减少了光能热耗散,改善了水稻的光合特性,有利于稳定及提高水稻产量。本试验中稻田鱼15000尾/hm²为适宜的放养密度。     

哈尼梯田稻鲤共作模式下的微生物群落结构

为了探究哈尼梯田稻鲤共作模式(复合生态系统)微生物菌落结构特征,本实验拟采用高通量测序技术对稻鲤共作(RC)与稻田单作(CK)2种模式下水体、表层以及根系土壤及鲤肠道细菌(16S rDNA)多样性特征进行分析。高通量测序结果显示,复合生态系统中主要细菌门类为变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门及硝化螺旋菌门等。与CK相比,RC表层土壤中绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度显著增加,主要显著增加的优势菌属为厌氧绳菌(Anaerolineaceae_norank)、Aminicenantes_p_norank、未定义的绿弯菌(Chloroflexi_P_unclassified)、梭菌(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)、梭菌(C._sensu_stricto_12)、互营菌(Syntrophaceae_f_norank)、芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadaceae_f_norank);RC根系土壤中绿弯菌门含量显著高于CK组,主要是Anaerolineaceae_norank、Sideroxydans、Aminicenantes_p_norank、Chloroflexi_p_unclassified、Gemmatimonadaceae_f_norank优势菌属显著增加。RC模式中鲤肠道优势菌主要为厚壁菌门和变形菌门,其中厚壁菌门相对丰度为58.59%,超过一半的丰度。RC模式组相比CK组,土壤的有机质、总氮、总磷等理化指标都有所降低,其中pH、总磷和速效磷显著降低;稻田表层和根系土壤的细菌Sobs指数及PD指数也均增加,其中稻田表层土壤组显著增加。研究表明,增加鲤养殖后,稻田表层土壤的理化性质和细菌群落结构产生明显变化,同时也在一定程度上对水稻根系和养殖生物肠道的群落结构产生了影响。本研究初步揭示了RC复合生态系统优于CK系统的微生物生态基础。